Umhlabathi uyisisekelo sokutshala izimbali, ukondliwa kwezimpande zezimbali, kanye nomthombo wokudla okunomsoco, amanzi nomoya.Izimpande zezitshalo zimunca umsoco emhlabathini ukuze zondle futhi zikhule ngokwazo.
Umhlabathi wakhiwe ngamaminerali, izinto eziphilayo, amanzi nomoya.Amaminerali enhlabathini ayimbudumbudu futhi angahlukaniswa abe inhlabathi eyisihlabathi, ubumba kanye neloam kuye ngobukhulu bezinhlayiyana.
Isihlabathi sibala ngaphezu kuka-80% kanti ubumba lwenza ngaphansi kuka-20%.Isihlabathi sinezinzuzo zama-pores amakhulu kanye ne-drainage ebushelelezi.Okubi wukungagcini kahle kwamanzi futhi kulula ukuwomisa.Ngakho-ke, isihlabathi siyinto eyinhloko yokulungisa inhlabathi yesiko.I-air permeability enhle, esetshenziswa njenge-matrix yokusika, kulula ukuyithatha.Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kukamanyolo ophansi emhlabathini oyisihlabathi, umanyolo omningi wemvelo kufanele ufakwe ezimbalini ezitshalwe kulo mhlaba ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zenhlabathi eyisihlabathi.Umhlabathi oyisihlabathi ukumunca okuqinile kokukhanya nokushisa, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lomhlabathi, ukukhula okunamandla kwezimbali kanye nokuqhakaza kwezimbali ekuqaleni.Isihlabathi singabuye sibekwe ngaphansi komcengezi njengongqimba wokukhipha amanzi.
Ubumba lwenza ngaphezu kuka-60% kanti isihlabathi singaphansi kuka-40%.Umhlabathi muhle futhi unamathele, kanti indawo engaphezulu iyaqhekeka ibe amabhulokhi ngesikhathi sesomiso.Kunzima kakhulu ekulimeni nasekuphathweni, kulula ukuqina futhi kungabi namandla amanzi.Khulula inhlabathi bese ukhipha ukugcwala kwamanzi ngesikhathi.Uma ziphathwa kahle, izimbali zingakhula kahle futhi ziqhakaze kakhulu.Ngenxa yokuthi ubumba lunomanyolo omuhle kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi, lungavimbela ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi nomanyolo.Izimbali zikhula kancane kulo mhlaba futhi izitshalo zifushane futhi ziqinile.Lapho utshala izimbali obumba olunzima, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa inhlabathi enamaqabunga abolile, inhlabathi ye-humus noma inhlabathi enesihlabathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo.Ukushintshwa komhlaba kanye nokunisela ngenkasa kwasebusika kuzokwenziwa ebusika ukuze kuxege inhlabathi futhi kube lula ukulima.
I-Loam inhlabathi ephakathi kwenhlabathi enesihlabathi nobumba, futhi okuqukethwe kwenhlabathi eyisihlabathi nobumba kubala uhhafu ngokulandelana.Lezo ezinesihlabathi esiningi zibizwa ngokuthi i-sandy loam noma i-light loam.Labo abanobumba olwengeziwe babizwa ngokuthi i-clayey loam noma i-weighing loam.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezintathu ezingenhla zenhlabathi yezimbali, ukuze kufezwe injongo ethile, ezinye izinhlobo zenhlabathi zingalungiswa, njengenhlabathi ye-humus, inhlabathi ye-peat, inhlabathi enamaqabunga abolile, inhlabathi yotshani ebolile, inhlabathi yokhuni, udaka lwentaba, inhlabathi ene-asidi, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-05-2022
